CityGML defines a common semantic information model for 3D urban objects and city models that can be used by many different applications – making 3D city models a more cost-effective investment.
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14 September 2021: The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is excited to announce that the OGC Membership has approved the CityGML v3.0 Conceptual Model for adoption as an official OGC Standard.
Since its first publication by OGC in 2008, CityGML has been an open standard used for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models. CityGML allows the integration of urban geodata for use across a variety of applications, including urban and landscape planning; Building Information Modeling (BIM); mobile telecommunication; disaster management; 3D cadastre; tourism; vehicle & pedestrian navigation; autonomous driving and driving assistance; facility management, and; energy, traffic and environmental simulations.
CityGML 3.0 is an evolution of the previous versions 1.0 and 2.0 of CityGML that further enables the cost-effective sustainable maintenance of 3D city models. While previous versions standardised a GML exchange format, CityGML 3.0 standardises the underlying information model and can thus be implemented in a variety of technologies beyond GML. As a result, governments and companies can increase the ROI of their 3D city models by being able to put the same models into play across different technology platforms and application fields.
The CityGML 3.0 Conceptual Model Standard describes a common semantic information model for the representation of 3D urban objects. This new version of CityGML allows data to be encoded in GML, but also in JSON or database schemas. Additional benefits compared to previous versions include much better integration with BIM, the ability to represent indoor spaces in different Levels of Detail (LOD), support for dynamic sensor data, and the capability to extend the information model into Application Domain Extensions using Model Driven Architecture tools.
CityGML defines a “City” in a broad fashion to comprise not just built structures, but also elevation, vegetation, water bodies, city furniture, and more. Included in the Standard are generalization hierarchies between thematic classes, aggregations, relations between objects, and spatial properties.
Despite its name, CityGML is useful for large areas and small regions, not just cities, and can represent the terrain and 3D objects in different Levels Of Detail simultaneously. Since both simple, single-scale models without topology and few semantics as well as rich multi-scale models with full topology and fine-grained semantic differentiations can be represented, CityGML enables the consistent representation of 3D urban objects across different geographic information systems and users.
The latest version 3.0 of CityGML brings many new features:
- The Conceptual Model is now separate from the Data Encodings (i.e. data transfer formats and storage representations), and is completely based on the ISO 191xx specifications. A GML encoding is available for practical use and will be issued as a separate encoding standard in due course. Further exchange and storage formats will also be published in the future.
- A refined core model – which is now centered around two concepts of ‘space’ and ‘space boundary’ to improve semantics, unify representation, facilitate generalized reasoning on the urban fabric, and improve interoperability with other standards.
- Comprehensive support for representing changes and time-dependent data sourced from IoT devices, sensors, simulations, and more – enabling true 4D city models of particular use in Smart Cities and Urban Digital Twins, as well as historical versioning.
- An improved information model for buildings with increased interoperability with the EU INSPIRE building information model and the OpenBIM IFC standard.
- The Levels Of Detail (LOD) concept has been refined to support multiple LODs for indoor features. This facilitates, for example, the representation of building interiors by floor plans.
- A refined data model for traffic spaces, including the integrated modeling of multi-modal transportation features, i.e. joint representation of road space, railway space, waterways, and pedestrian space. Traffic spaces can be represented in different granularities down to individual driving lanes. This makes CityGML 3.0 especially useful for navigation systems, traffic simulations, driving assistance, and autonomous driving.
- A new Point Cloud module where objects can additionally be represented by 3D point cloud data as acquired from laser scanning or stereo-photogrammetry (robots, UAVs, mobile mapping systems), where links between points and their respective city objects are established.
As many datasets using both CityGML 1.0 and 2.0 have been created and are in active use, these specifications will not be deprecated. However, for those looking to take advantage of the new features, existing CityGML data can be upgraded to CityGML 3.0.
OGC Members interested in staying up to date on the progress of this standard, or contributing to its development, are encouraged to join the CityGML SWG via the OGC Portal.
As with any OGC standard, the open CityGML 3.0 standard is free to download and implement. Interested parties can view and download the standard and user guide from OGC’s CityGML Standard Page.
About OGC
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is a collective problem-solving community of experts from more than 500 businesses, government agencies, research organizations, and universities driven to make geospatial (location) information and services FAIR – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.
The global OGC Community engages in a mix of activities related to location-based technologies: developing consensus-based open standards and best-practice; collaborating on agile innovation initiatives; engaging in community meetings, events, and workshops; and more.
OGC’s unique standards development process moves at the pace of innovation, with constant input from technology forecasting, practical prototyping, real-world testing, and community engagement.
OGC bridges disparate sectors, domains, and technology trends, and encourages the cross-pollination of ideas between different communities of practice to improve decision-making at all levels. OGC is committed to creating an inclusive and sustainable future.
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